![]() Careful use of a plumbline can sometimes work, but handheld equirectangulars are generally only successful for outdoor shots without close-by objects. ![]() To avoid parallax error in small spaces, tripods with special panoheads are often used to rotate the camera/lens combination in portrait orientation around the lens's no-parallax point in both axes. The camera is rotated in yaw to cover the horizontal field of view, and then rotated in pitch to cover the zenith (straight up) and nadir (straight down) shots. Most typically, they're made by using a fisheye lens for maximum scene coverage and minimum stitching. Obviously, you can also create side tunnels starting your mapping at the equator (pitch=0), but the effect is rarely as eye-catching as the planet/tunnel configurations.Ĭreating the starting 360ºx180º equirectangular pano, however, is a very involved process often requiring specialized equipment. You can make "little skies" (or tunnels) by starting the mapping at the "north pole" (pitch=90): "Little planets" are done by starting the stereographic mapping at the "south pole" of the sphere (pitch=-90). In the Move/Drag tab, set the pitch to -90. In the Projection tab, choose stereographic. Load the equirectangular, setting the lens type to equirectangular. A stereographic remapping can be created in Hugin, with the Mathmap plugin in the Gimp, or with the Photoshop Flexify plugin. But this will work best if you have the full sphere to work with. Or you can fill in the missing "floor" area with black/white and get a donut result. You can try faking it with a 360° pano reshaped to a 2:1 rectangle, but this often doesn't look good. But this type of mapping is much better with an equirectangular 360x180 pano as the starting point. So, these little planets don't look so squashed to the circle. Stereographic remapping is conformal angles are preserved, so the shape of things above the horizon are more recognizable than with a polar remapping. If done with an equirectangular panorama, it looks like this: This type of panorama will have a very circular world, without a lot of details outside that circle. ( Filter -> Distort -> Polar coordinates). You then perform three steps (either separately in Photoshop, or all at once with the Polar Coords filter in the Gimp):Īpply Cartesian-> Polar remapping. To eliminate both the side and center seam, though, you have to use an equirectangular (360ºx180º full spherical pano). If you want to eliminate the side seam, start with a 360º cylindrical pano (regular pano) or mirror image your photo, and combine the two side-by-side so the left edge can wrap around and join seamlessly with the right. In the example planet by Radig, on the right side, at 3:00, you can see the seam of where the left and right edges of his pano met, and at the center, where the "floor" (nadir) isn't covered, so he started with a non-360 cylindrical panorama. Polar Little PlanetsĪ polar little planet is the easiest kind to make because you can do it with any image if you don't mind a visible seam. They have different requirements and techniques, but both typically begin with a stitched panorama that is then remapped to a different projection. The example image here is polar, the Flickr group images are both, and the one asked about in the linked "duplicate" post, How to do 360 polar pano in photography? is a stereographic "little sky". There are actually two common types of "little planet" images: polar and stereographic.
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